48 Cd 112.414
Cadmium
transition metal · Group 12 · Period 5
3 section(s) thin
Atomic properties
Atomic number
48
Z
Density
8.65 g/cm³
at STP
Melting point
321.07 °C
at 1 atm
Boiling point
767 °C
at 1 atm
Crystal structure
hexagonal
Electron config.
[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s²
Oxidation states
+2
most common
Market data
No tradeable futures market for Cd on Yahoo / Stooq. Live market data is
not available; pricing in this page is based on contract reference figures from
the source documents.
Commercial forms & specifications
| Product Form | Chemical Formula | Molecular Weight | Typical Purity | Price Range (USD/kg) | Main Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cadmium Metal Ingot | Cd | 112.41 g/mol | 99.95-99.999% | $3.50-4.80 | Batteries, coatings, alloys |
| Cadmium Sticks/Rods | Cd | 112.41 g/mol | 99.95-99.99% | $4.20-5.50 | Electroplating, nuclear control rods |
| Cadmium Shot/Balls | Cd | 112.41 g/mol | 99.95% | $4.00-5.20 | Alloying, vapor deposition |
| Cadmium Powder | Cd | 112.41 g/mol | 99.5-99.95% | $6.50-12.00 | Chemical synthesis, pigments |
| Cadmium Oxide | CdO | 128.41 g/mol | 99.5-99.99% | $8.00-15.00 | Batteries, ceramic glazes, catalysts |
| Cadmium Sulfide | CdS | 144.47 g/mol | 99.9-99.99% | $25.00-45.00 | Pigments (cadmium yellow), photoresistors |
| Cadmium Selenide | CdSe | 191.37 g/mol | 99.95-99.999% | $180.00-350.00 | Quantum dots, photovoltaics, pigments |
| Cadmium Telluride | CdTe | 240.01 g/mol | 99.99-99.9999% | $220.00-450.00 | Solar cells, infrared detectors |
| Cadmium Chloride | CdCl₂·2.5H₂O | 228.35 g/mol | 98-99% | $12.00-18.00 | Electroplating, photography |
| Cadmium Sulfate | CdSO₄·8/3H₂O | 256.52 g/mol | 98-99% | $10.00-16.00 | Electroplating, batteries |
| Cadmium Nitrate | Cd(NO₃)₂·4H₂O | 308.48 g/mol | 98-99% | $15.00-25.00 | Glass manufacturing, catalysts |
| Cadmium Carbonate | CdCO₃ | 172.42 g/mol | 99-99.5% | $18.00-28.00 | Pigments, catalysts |
Suppliers by country
🇨🇳 China
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| Hunan Jinyuan New Materials | Metal ingots, powder, oxide, sulfide | High-purity cadmium, battery-grade materials |
| Zhuzhou Smelter Group | Metal ingots, compounds, alloys | Integrated zinc-cadmium production |
| Yunnan Chihong Zinc & Germanium | Metal ingots, oxide, sulfate | By-product cadmium from zinc refining |
🇰🇷 South Korea
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| Korea Zinc | Metal ingots, high-purity cadmium, compounds | Electronic-grade cadmium, solar materials |
| Young Poong Corporation | Metal ingots, oxide | By-product recovery from zinc production |
🇯🇵 Japan
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| Mitsui Mining & Smelting | Metal ingots, compounds, high-purity products | Electronic materials, battery components |
| Sumitomo Metal Mining | Metal, telluride, selenide | Semiconductor materials, solar cell materials |
🇨🇦 Canada
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| Glencore (formerly Noranda) | Metal ingots, refined cadmium | Integrated zinc-cadmium operations |
| Teck Resources | Metal ingots | By-product from Trail Operations |
🇵🇪 Peru
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| Nexa Resources (formerly Votorantim) | Metal ingots, refined cadmium | Integrated zinc-cadmium production |
🇧🇪 Belgium
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| Umicore | High-purity metal, compounds, recycled cadmium | Recycling, specialty materials, battery recycling |
🇦🇺 Australia
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| Nyrstar | Metal ingots, refined cadmium | Multi-metal production, zinc by-products |
🇮🇳 India
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| Hindustan Zinc Limited | Metal ingots, cadmium sticks | Integrated zinc-lead-cadmium producer |
Market demand by product form
| Product Form | Global Market Size | Asia Share | Europe Share | Growth Rate (CAGR) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cadmium Metal | $95 million | 72% share | 15% share | -2.5% |
| Cadmium Oxide | $45 million | 68% share | 18% share | -1.8% |
| Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) | $180 million | 35% share | 30% share | 8.5% |
| Cadmium Sulfide/Selenide | $65 million | 45% share | 25% share | 3.2% |
| Other Cadmium Compounds | $35 million | 58% share | 22% share | -3.5% |
Market trends
Regulatory Pressure: EU RoHS and REACH regulations severely limiting cadmium use in electronics and consumer products Battery Market Shift: Ni-Cd batteries losing market share to Li-ion, but maintaining niche applications in extreme temperatures Solar Growth: CdTe thin-film solar cells showing 8.5% CAGR, driven by First Solar's expansion Recycling Focus: >90% of cadmium from batteries being recycled in developed countries Price Stability: Prices relatively stable due to balanced supply-demand, tied to zinc production Quantum Dots: Growing demand for CdSe/CdS quantum dots in display technology, despite regulatory concerns
Moles per kilogram
| Product Form | Formula | MW (g/mol) | Moles/kg |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cadmium Metal | Cd | 112.41 | 8.90 |
| Cadmium Oxide | CdO | 128.41 | 7.79 |
| Cadmium Sulfide | CdS | 144.47 | 6.92 |
| Cadmium Selenide | CdSe | 191.37 | 5.23 |
| Cadmium Telluride | CdTe | 240.01 | 4.17 |
| Cadmium Chloride (hydrated) | CdCl₂·2.5H₂O | 228.35 | 4.38 |
| Cadmium Sulfate (hydrated) | CdSO₄·8/3H₂O | 256.52 | 3.90 |
| Cadmium Carbonate | CdCO₃ | 172.42 | 5.80 |
References
No citations on this page yet. References will appear here once enrichment runs.
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Coverage notes
The following sections are thin or absent in the source document for this element. They will be filled by enrichment passes (NIST atomic, OSHA/NIOSH safety, USGS / IAI environmental).
- Missing section: Raw Material Sources
- Missing section: Production Cost
- Missing section: Energy Consumption