63 Eu 151.964
Atomic properties
Atomic number
63
Z
Density
5.244 g/cm³
at STP
Melting point
826 °C
at 1 atm
Boiling point
1529 °C
at 1 atm
Crystal structure
BCC
Electron config.
[Xe] 4f⁷ 6s²
Oxidation states
+2, +3
most common
Market data
No tradeable futures market for Eu on Yahoo / Stooq. Live market data is
not available; pricing in this page is based on contract reference figures from
the source documents.
Commercial forms & specifications
| Product Form | Chemical Formula | Molecular Weight | Typical Purity | Price Range (USD/kg) | Main Applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europium Oxide (Europia) | Eu₂O₃ | 351.93 g/mol | 99.9-99.999% | $350-650 | Phosphors, ceramics, nuclear control rods |
| Europium Metal | Eu | 151.96 g/mol | 99.9-99.99% | $1,800-3,500 | Specialty alloys, research |
| Europium Fluoride | EuF₃ | 208.96 g/mol | 99.9-99.99% | $800-1,200 | Optical materials, fluoride glasses |
| Europium Chloride | EuCl₃·6H₂O | 366.41 g/mol | 99.9-99.99% | $600-950 | Chemical synthesis, catalysts |
| Europium Nitrate | Eu(NO₃)₃·6H₂O | 446.06 g/mol | 99.9-99.99% | $450-750 | Precursor for other compounds |
| Europium Carbonate | Eu₂(CO₃)₃·xH₂O | ~483.96 g/mol | 99.9% | $400-700 | Ceramics, phosphor precursor |
| Europium Sulfate | Eu₂(SO₄)₃·8H₂O | 736.23 g/mol | 99.9% | $380-650 | Analytical reagent |
| Europium Acetate | Eu(CH₃COO)₃·4H₂O | 401.15 g/mol | 99.9% | $550-850 | Sol-gel processing |
| Europium-doped YAG | Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Eu | Variable | 99.9% | $2,500-5,000 | LED phosphors |
| Europium-doped BAM | BaMgAl₁₀O₁₇:Eu²⁺ | Variable | 99.9% | $1,800-3,200 | Blue phosphors |
| Europium Oxalate | Eu₂(C₂O₄)₃·10H₂O | 764.10 g/mol | 99.9% | $420-680 | Precursor for oxide |
| Europium Nanopowder | Eu₂O₃ | 351.93 g/mol | 99.9% | $1,200-2,500 | Advanced phosphors, quantum dots |
Suppliers by country
🇨🇳 China
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| China Northern Rare Earth | Oxide, metal, fluoride, chloride, phosphors | World's largest rare earth producer, integrated supply chain |
| China Rare Earth Holdings | Oxide, phosphor compounds, metal | High-purity europium products, phosphor manufacturing |
| Ganzhou Rare Earth Group | Oxide, chloride, nitrate, carbonate | Southern China ion-adsorption clays processing |
🇺🇸 United States
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| MP Materials | Oxide, concentrate (from Mountain Pass) | Only US rare earth mining operation, expanding to oxides |
| Neo Performance Materials | Oxide, phosphors, specialty compounds | Value-added rare earth products, phosphor blends |
| American Elements | Metal, oxide, all compounds, nanomaterials | High-purity materials, custom synthesis |
🇦🇺 Australia
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| Lynas Rare Earths | Oxide, carbonate (processed in Malaysia) | Largest rare earth producer outside China |
| Iluka Resources | Rare earth concentrate (Eneabba project) | Developing rare earth refinery |
🇯🇵 Japan
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| Shin-Etsu Chemical | High-purity oxide, phosphors, metal | Ultra-high purity materials, phosphor technology |
| Nichia Corporation | Phosphor compounds, LED materials | LED phosphor technology leader |
🇪🇪 Estonia
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| NPM Silmet (Neo) | Oxide, metal, compounds | Europe's only rare earth separation facility |
🇲🇾 Malaysia
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| Lynas Malaysia | Separated oxide, carbonate | Large-scale separation facility |
🇮🇳 India
| Company | Product Forms | Specialties |
|---|---|---|
| Indian Rare Earths Limited | Oxide, chloride, concentrate | Monazite processing, coastal sand minerals |
| Kerala Minerals & Metals | Rare earth concentrate | Titanium minerals co-production |
Market demand by product form
| Product Form | Global Market Size | USA Market | China Market | Growth Rate (CAGR) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Europium Oxide | $158 million | 15% share | 62% share | 4.8% |
| Phosphor Applications | $210 million | 18% share | 58% share | 5.5% |
| Metal & Alloys | $45 million | 25% share | 40% share | 3.2% |
| Chemical Compounds | $85 million | 20% share | 55% share | 4.5% |
| Research & Specialty | $28 million | 35% share | 30% share | 6.2% |
| Nuclear Applications | $18 million | 30% share | 25% share | 2.8% |
Market trends
Supply Chain Diversification: Western nations investing heavily in non-Chinese rare earth supply chains LED Market Growth: Europium phosphors critical for high-quality LED lighting, market expanding 6% annually China Export Controls: New restrictions on rare earth exports driving price volatility Recycling Initiatives: Urban mining of phosphors from e-waste becoming economically viable Alternative Technologies: Research into europium-free phosphors intensifying but no viable alternatives yet Price Stability Concerns: 95% of global supply controlled by China creating market uncertainty
Moles per kilogram
| Product Form | Formula | MW (g/mol) | Moles/kg |
|---|---|---|---|
| Europium Metal | Eu | 151.96 | 6.58 |
| Europium Oxide | Eu₂O₃ | 351.93 | 2.84 |
| Europium Fluoride | EuF₃ | 208.96 | 4.79 |
| Europium Chloride (hydrated) | EuCl₃·6H₂O | 366.41 | 2.73 |
| Europium Nitrate (hydrated) | Eu(NO₃)₃·6H₂O | 446.06 | 2.24 |
| Europium Sulfate (hydrated) | Eu₂(SO₄)₃·8H₂O | 736.23 | 1.36 |
| Europium Acetate (hydrated) | Eu(CH₃COO)₃·4H₂O | 401.15 | 2.49 |
| Europium Oxalate (hydrated) | Eu₂(C₂O₄)₃·10H₂O | 764.10 | 1.31 |
References
No citations on this page yet. References will appear here once enrichment runs.
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Coverage notes
The following sections are thin or absent in the source document for this element. They will be filled by enrichment passes (NIST atomic, OSHA/NIOSH safety, USGS / IAI environmental).
- Missing section: Raw Material Sources
- Missing section: Production Cost
- Missing section: Energy Consumption