40 Zr 91.224

Zirconium

transition metal · Group 4 · Period 5

USGS 2025 3 section(s) thin

Atomic properties

Atomic number

Atomic weight

91.224[1]

g/mol

Density

6.52 g/cm³

at STP

Melting point

1855 °C

at 1 atm

Boiling point

4377 °C

at 1 atm

Crystal structure

hexagonal

Electron config.

[Kr] 4d² 5s²

Oxidation states

most common

Market data

No tradeable futures market for Zr on Yahoo / Stooq. Live market data is not available; pricing in this page is based on contract reference figures from the source documents.

Commercial forms & specifications

Product Form	Chemical Formula	Molecular Weight	Typical Purity	Price Range (USD/kg)	Main Applications
Zirconium Sponge	Zr	91.22 g/mol	99.2-99.8%	$35-50	Nuclear grade, chemical processing
Zirconium Crystal Bar	Zr	91.22 g/mol	99.95-99.99%	$150-300	Electronics, special alloys
Zirconium Sheet/Plate	Zr	91.22 g/mol	99.2-99.5%	$100-200	Chemical equipment, heat exchangers
Zircaloy-2	Zr-Sn-Fe-Cr-Ni	~91.5 g/mol	98% Zr	$60-100	Nuclear fuel cladding
Zircaloy-4	Zr-Sn-Fe-Cr	~91.5 g/mol	98% Zr	$60-100	PWR fuel cladding
Zirconium Dioxide (Zirconia)	ZrO₂	123.22 g/mol	99.0-99.9%	$8-25	Ceramics, refractories, catalysts
Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia	ZrO₂-Y₂O₃	Variable	3-8% Y₂O₃	$30-80	Solid oxide fuel cells, TBCs
Zircon Sand	ZrSiO₄	183.31 g/mol	65-67% ZrO₂	$1.5-2.5	Foundry sand, ceramics
Zirconium Powder (Spherical)	Zr	91.22 g/mol	99.0-99.5%	$200-500	3D printing, powder metallurgy
Zirconium Powder (Irregular)	Zr	91.22 g/mol	98-99%	$80-150	Pyrotechnics, getters
Zirconium Chloride	ZrCl₄	233.04 g/mol	99.5-99.9%	$50-100	Catalysts, water treatment
Zirconium Hydroxide	Zr(OH)₄	159.25 g/mol	99%	$25-50	Ion exchange, catalysts

Suppliers by country

🇺🇸 United States

Company	Product Forms	Specialties
ATI (Allegheny Technologies)	Sponge, ingots, sheet, tubing, Zircaloy	Nuclear-grade zirconium, aerospace alloys
Western Zirconium	Sponge, nuclear-grade products	Nuclear fuel components, low hafnium
Stanford Advanced Materials	Metal powder, sheets, rods, compounds	High-purity materials, custom fabrication

🇨🇳 China

Company	Product Forms	Specialties
State Nuclear Baoti Zirconium	Sponge, tubing, sheet, Zircaloy	Nuclear-grade products, large capacity
Guangdong Orient Zirconic	Zirconium chemicals, oxides, compounds	Chemical zirconium products, zirconia
Jinzhou Metal	Sponge, powder, alloys	Industrial-grade zirconium

🇫🇷 France

Company	Product Forms	Specialties
Framatome (formerly Areva)	Zircaloy tubing, nuclear components	Nuclear fuel cladding, M5 alloy
Cezus	Tubes, sheets, bars, forgings	Nuclear and chemical industry products

🇷🇺 Russia

Company	Product Forms	Specialties
TVEL (Rosatom)	Sponge, nuclear-grade products, alloys	E110 and E635 alloys, nuclear fuel
Chepetsky Mechanical Plant	Sponge, ingots, semi-finished products	Nuclear-grade zirconium, hafnium removal

🇦🇺 Australia

Company	Product Forms	Specialties
Iluka Resources	Zircon sand, rutile	Mineral sands mining, high-grade zircon
Tronox	Zircon sand, titanium minerals	Integrated mineral sands producer

🇿🇦 South Africa

Company	Product Forms	Specialties
Richards Bay Minerals (Rio Tinto)	Zircon sand, rutile, titania slag	Large-scale mineral sands operations

🇯🇵 Japan

Company	Product Forms	Specialties
Nippon Zirconium	Zirconia, compounds, fine ceramics	Advanced ceramics, stabilized zirconia
Tosoh Corporation	Zirconia powder, compounds	High-purity zirconia, dental ceramics

Market demand by product form

Product Form	Global Market Size	USA Market	China Market	Growth Rate (CAGR)
Zircon Sand	$2.8 billion	8% share	55% share	4.2%
Zirconia (All Grades)	$5.2 billion	15% share	45% share	6.5%
Nuclear-Grade Zirconium	$450 million	20% share	25% share	3.8%
Chemical-Grade Zirconium	$280 million	25% share	30% share	5.2%
Zirconium Chemicals	$820 million	18% share	40% share	5.8%
- Zirconium Powder (All Types)	$180 million	30% share	35% share	8.5%
- Spherical Powder (AM)	$65 million	35% share	25% share	12.5%
- Irregular Powder	$115 million	28% share	38% share	6.5%
Advanced Ceramics (YSZ, etc.)	$1.5 billion	22% share	35% share	7.8%

Market trends

Nuclear Renaissance: Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) driving demand for nuclear-grade zirconium alloys Additive Manufacturing: Growing demand for spherical zirconium powder for aerospace and medical 3D printing Supply Concentration: China controls 50%+ of global zirconium chemical production Advanced Ceramics: YSZ demand surging for solid oxide fuel cells and thermal barrier coatings Geopolitical Tensions: Western countries seeking to diversify supply chains away from China/Russia Environmental Regulations: Stricter controls on zircon mining affecting supply and prices Medical Applications: Growing use in dental implants and orthopedic devices

Moles per kilogram

Product Form	Formula	MW (g/mol)	Moles/kg
Zirconium Metal	Zr	91.22	10.96
Zirconium Dioxide	ZrO₂	123.22	8.12
Zircon	ZrSiO₄	183.31	5.46
Zirconium Chloride	ZrCl₄	233.04	4.29
Zirconium Hydroxide	Zr(OH)₄	159.25	6.28

References

No citations on this page yet. References will appear here once enrichment runs.

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Coverage notes

The following sections are thin or absent in the source document for this element. They will be filled by enrichment passes (NIST atomic, OSHA/NIOSH safety, USGS / IAI environmental).

Missing section: Raw Material Sources
Missing section: Production Cost
Missing section: Energy Consumption